Manifold



E. S. MaCPHERSON April 29, 1930.

MAN I FOLD Filed Oct. 15, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet l QN. mw. Nm. .3

April 29, 1930.

E. S. MaCPHERSON MANI FOLD Filed Oct. l5, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 April29, 1930. E 5 MaCPHERsoN MANIFOIQD Filed Oct. 13, 1.924 3 Sheets-Sheet 3n mm Wm. 3% m 9 ,w o s a Ww a y i ttouwgo Patented Apr. Y29, 1930 FICE yl 1 -v A 1,756,161

Y EARLE s. MAcrIIERsoN, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, AssIGNoR To HUPP' IJIoToItCAR Y CORPORATION, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CQRIDCRATICN or yVIRGINIAMANIFOLD Application filed October 13, 17924. Serial'N. 743,443, f

The invention relates to manifolds and has lamong its objects to providea manifold for internal combustion `engines which 1s `of simpleconstruction. andeifective in operation. A further objectembodies amanifold and method of treating intake gases in which the intake gasesare heated before introduction into the engine cylinders, yA furtherobject is to effectively utilize-thejexhaust gases to heat the intakegases; Afurther object is to provide a combined. intake; and exhaustmanifold suitable forl use with an 4-4 of Figure 1;

fold;

internal combustion engine having a plurality of -alignedcylinders YWith these and other objectsfin view, the invention resides in the novelfeatures of construction and combinations and arran e- `vments of partsas more 'fully hereinafter 4 escribed and claimed. f y

' In the drawings which are made a part y'hereof and iny which similarreference characters indicate corresponding parts: f Figure 1 is a frontelevation showing the manifold attached to an engine; Y

Figure 2 is a planview of the manifold;

' AFigure 3 isa side elevation of the mani- Figure 4'is a` sect-ionviewV along Lthe line Figure 5 is a section View of thefexhaust manifoldalong the lines 5 5 ofFigurefl';

' Figure 6 is asection view of the exhaust manifold along the lines 6-6'of- Figure 1; and

Figure7 is a section'view 'of the'exhaust manifold along the line.7 '-7ofFiguref'l. A Referring to the drawings reference charvacter 1()indicates the cylinder blockv of an internalcombustionengineffpreferably of thetypehaving a plurality ofealignedcylinders.

sage 12 through which the gaseous mixture is conducted from theCarburetor 13 of any suitablev type. The passage 12l extends upwardlyand terminates in a T-shaped connection whereby the gases are dividedlat the point A and directed in opposite directions as indicated by thearms 14 'and`15g xThey arms are curved inwardly adjacent their ends'and' terminate inthe coupling sections d adapted to abut theface of thecylinder block v 10 for receiving the exhaust gases from the While I'have shown an internal combustion engine having eight cylinders it isobvious that .the number of cylinders might be varied without departingfrom thek spirit of my invention, l

The exhaust manifold is formed with arms 21 which conduct the intakegases in opposite directions from the arm 14 to the outlets 22 fordistributiony to they intake ports (not shown) of the engine. The arm 15likewise communicates with arms 2,3v terminating in outlets 24. The arms21 and 23 are preferably cast below and integrally with thelongitudinally extending exhaust passages 25 which receive the exhaustgases from passages and openingsy 19 and conduct the exhaustgases'therefromtoward the center of the casting. As shown particularlykin Figures 5, 6 and 7 Vthe exhaust gases passing through passagesare'adaptedto heat the intake gases in the arms 21 and 23; particularlyat the points adjacent the exhaust passages20, 'by reason'of thedividing walls26 separating the exhaust and vintake passages forming hotspots.

As indicatedat Figure 7 a hot spot is provided at the point of divisionof therintake gases passing from'arms 14 and 15 to n the arms 21l and 23respectively. y

' As shown particularly in vFigure 4 the central portion of the exhaustmanifold casting `.18 is provided with a flanged portion 27 which islsecured toa nanged portion 28of the intake manifold 11 by the "bolts29'. The exhaust manifold is provided with a central baiiie 30 againstthe opposite sides of which the ex` Vexhaust passages 20 lof thecylinder block. n

from the carburetor. The hot spot is formed by the exhaust gasesstriking the Walls of the T-shaped connection at the point Where thedirection of Vfiovv of the intake gases, from the passage 12, ischanged. After impinging upon the T-connection .the exhaust gases fromthe passages unite and tioww'through the common exhaust pipe 31 which isprefer-I ably bolted at 32 to the exhaustinanifold casting. n

In operation theexhaust gases enter the exhaust manifold 18 throughpassages 2O and 19 and flow from either end along passages 25 toward thebaiile at the center of theexhaust manifold casting. The bafiie 3()directs the' exhaust gases forwardly toWardthe 'i' vconnection of theintake manifold to form .thehot spotA. The exhaust-gases then pass "outthrough the common exhaust Vpipe 31'. vThe intake `gases from thecarburetor 13 :pass through passage 12 to the T-shaped con ,gnection atthe point A where-the gases are heated, as above described, and divideto pass through arms 1li and 15 to the second hot spots B. At the pointsB the intake gases again dividefto flovvfthrough arms 21 and 23Vandthence to outlets 22 connecting with the inlet ports of the engine(not shown). Durf ing their passage along arms 21, 23 the tem-V peratureof the intake -gases is prevented -fr-om dropping by reason of theheated Walls -26 separating the exhaust passages 25 from Y the arms 21,23`of the intake manifold.

VIt Willbe noted that the exhaust gases uniformly heat the intake gases,the exhaust gases from half the cylinders of the engine Vheating theintake gases in the arms 21, While the gases of tlie'other half heat theintake gases in the arms 23. The exhaust gases then unite to cause hotspot A, and thereafter are exhausted together.

i While it is believed that from the forego ing description, the natureand advantages ofjmy invention Will be readily understood,

I. desire to have it understood that I do not limit myself to Whatisherein shown and described and that such changes may be resorted to Whendesired as fall Within the scope of what is claimed.

VVWhat I claim as "my invention is:

. 1. A manifold for internal combustion engines comprising ,an inletpassage for receiving a iiow of intake gases, means for dividing theflow of gases into'a plurality of branches, means for dividing` each ofsaid branches into a plurality ef other branches, an outlet for saidbranches for communication with the engine intake, lmeans for heatingsaid gases at each of said points of division by means of the exhaustgases con- V ducted in each case from those. cylinders Which aresupplied by the intake gases passinrthe said respective peints ofdivision, and means for heatingthe gases during their flow between thelastsaid point of division and their said points of outlet to the engineinl take While permitting them to pass from the first point of divisionto the second point of division Without being heated.

2. ln combination with an internal coinbustion engine having a pluralityof exhaust ports, a manifold comprising an inlet passage for receiving aflow of intake gases,

means for, dividing Vthe flow into a plurality of branches, means fordividing each of said branches into-a plurality of other branches fordistribution to the engine intake, means for Conveying the exhaust gasesfrom some of said exhaust ports adjacent some of the last said branchesto heat the intake gases carried thereby, means forconveying the exhaustgases from'the remainder of said ex- "haust ports adjacent otherof thesecond mentioned branches to heat the intake gases carried thereby,means for uniting the exhaust'V gases, baiiie for directing. the unitedexhaust gases adjacent .the inlet passage o'f the rintake gases forheating thein`V directly at their first-said point of division, andmeans for. conducting 'away the united exhaust gases 3.11? manifold forinternal combustion engines comprising an inlet passage for receiving aflow of intake gases, means for dividing the flew of gasesinto aplurality of branches,

ing means also being' Yarranged to heat theY 4intake gases at each ofsaid second points of Vdivision and at each outlet point.

4. The combination With an internal combust-ion engine, of amanifoldincluding an exhaustpassage arranged longitudinally of theengine for conducting exhaust gases from each end'of the engine towardthe center thereof, v,a battle in the said exhaust passage for directingthe exhaust gases through a single outlet, anaintake passage adjacentthe".

single Vexhaust outlet for receiving` ay iow of intake passages, thesaid intake passages being divided adjacent the singlel exhaust outletto form. a plurality of branches, the said intake' passage 'being heatedby the exhaust "j Vgases in theexhaust outlet at its point of divisionWhile the branches/of the said intake Vpassage are spaced from theexhaust passage, and auxiliary branches formed from eachbranch of thevmain intake passage, the said auxiliarybranches being arranged adjacent the exhaust passage and being adapted to be heated thereby.

5. The method of treating the intake gases Vof l,an internal'combustionengine which consists in dividing the intakeV gases, Vapplying i" .heatat the point of division, allowing the A gases to cool slightly afterpassing said point of division, dividing each of the divided por Y tionsaforesaid and applying heat at the last'L mentioned points of division,andV to the Y ylast mentioned divided portions.

.76. A manifold for internalcombustion englnescomprising an inletpassage for receivlng a'loW of lntake gases, means for dividing the flowof gases'into a plurality of branches, i

means for dividing each of said branches deiecting the exhaust gasesdirectly against the'said first point of division for heating the intakegases at the said point.'y

7. Thev comb'nation with an internal comy.

bustion engine, of a main conduit for supplyingy intake gases to theentire engine,`

branch conduits extending from the said main conduit and auxiliaryconduits extending from the said branch conduits and connecting v intopredetermined groups of cylinders,V and means for utilizing the exhaust'gases from the engine for forming a hot spot at a point intermediate themain conduit'and the first mentioned branchconduits, other hot spots atpoints intermediate the branch conduits and the auxiliary conduits, andstill other hot spotsv atL points adjacent the outlet ends of theauxiliary conduits.

In testimony whereof I aitix my signature.

EARLE S. MACPHERSON.

